A group of conditions, usually inherited, that cause alteration of the cornea without inflammation. Typically affect both eyes.
Classified according to level of cornea affected or whether the shape of the cornea is altered (ectasia) eg keratoconus.
Clinical Features
Variable depending on type
Several cause progressive reduction in vision
Intermittent pain, redness and photophobia from recurrent corneal erosions may occur
Corneal changes require microscope to see in early stages
Corneal opacification in late stages
Keratoconus causes a bulge in the cornea (ectasia) that is visible only in severe cases but leads to progressive blurring of vision, usually stabilising by the age 20-30. Rarely there is sudden onset of pain and inflammation with dramatic reduction in vision. Glasses may not fully correct the vision and gas-permeable hard contact lenses or surgery are required.
Management
See ophthalmologist routinely, urgently if sudden change
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